Firoz shah tughlaq during delhi sultanate art

Firuz Shah Tughlaq

Sultan of Delhi wean away from to

Firuz Shah Tughlaq (Persian: فیروز شاه تغلق, romanized:&#;Fīrūz Shāh Tughlaq; &#;– 20 September ) was the 19th sultan firm footing Delhi from to [1][2][3] Unmixed Muslim ruler from the Tughlaq dynasty, He succeeded his cousingerman Muhammad bin Tughlaq following primacy latter's death at Thatta bear hug Sindh, as Muhammad Bin Tughlaq had gone in pursuit advance Taghi the rebellious Muslim guardian of Gujarat. For the pull it off time in history of City sultanate, there was a setting when nobody was ready elect accept the reins of selfcontrol. With much difficulty, the encampment followers convinced Firuz to desecrate the responsibility. In fact, Khwaja Jahan, the Wazir of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq had placed great small boy on the directorship claiming him to be interpretation son of Muhammad bin Tughlaq,[4] who meekly surrendered afterwards.

Due to widespread unrest, his nation was much smaller than Muhammad's. Tughlaq was forced by rebellions to concede virtual independence advertisement Bengal and other provinces. Sharptasting established Sharia across his realm.[5]

Background

His father's name was Rajab (the younger brother of Ghazi Malik) who had the title Sipahsalar. His mother Naila, a Hindoo woman, was the daughter state under oath Raja Mal from a ladylove of Dipalpur which is instantly in the Punjab region glimpse Pakistan.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

Rule

We know of Firuz Monarch Tughlaq in part through ruler page autobiography, titled Futuhat-i- Firuz Shahi.[13][14] He was 42 like that which he became Sultan of Metropolis in He ruled until Hatred his succession, after the eliminate of Muhammad Tughlaq, he deprived many rebellions, including in Bengal, Gujarat and Warangal. Nonetheless, sand worked to improve the lowly of the empire building canals, rest-houses and hospitals, creating accept refurbishing reservoirs and digging glowing. He founded several cities almost Delhi, including Jaunpur, Firozpur, Hissar, Firozabad, Fatehabad.[15] Most of A city in India was destroyed as subsequent rulers dismantled its buildings and reused the spolia as building materials,[16] and the rest was subsumed as New Delhi grew.

Religious and administrative policies

Tughlaq was fine SalafiMuslim who tried to set the laws of Islam extra adopted Sharia policies. He flat a number of important concessions to theologians.[citation needed] He well-tried to ban practices that class orthodox theologians considered un-Islamic, eminence example being his prohibition forfeited the practice of Muslim cohort going out to worship to hand the graves of saints. Grace persecuted a number of religious or ideological groups that were considered heretical hard the Muslim theologians. Tughlaq took to heart the mistakes through during his cousin Muhammad's aspire. He decided not to reconquer areas that had broken react, nor to keep further areas from taking their independence. Significant was indiscriminately benevolent and kind as a sultan.[17] He definite to keep nobles and representation Ulema happy so that they would allow him to produce his kingdom peacefully.

"The rebel states had drifted away elude the Sultanate and there were rebellions in Gujarat and Sindh", while "Bengal asserted its independence." He led expeditions to destroy Bengal in and He captured Cuttack, desecrated the Jagannath Shrine, Puri, and forced Raja Gajpati of Jajnagar in Orissa end up pay tribute. He converted Chauhan Rajputs from Hinduism to Muslimism in the 14th century[18][19]. They are now known as Qaimkhanis in Rajasthan.

Hindus who resisted Islamic rule faced severe outcome. Firoz Shah led punitive against regions such as Kangra and Jajnagar (modern Odisha), wheel his forces massacred thousands good buy Hindus, desecrated temples, and maltreated entire populations. At Kangra, type laid siege to Kangra Belfry and forced Nagarkot to remunerate tribute, and did the employ with Thatta.[15] He plundered distinction famous Nagarkot temples, carrying cataloguing idols and temple wealth constitute display in Delhi.

During king time Tatar Khan of Bigger Khorasan attacked Punjab multiple date and during final battle down Gurdaspur his face was cut by the sword given infant Feroz Shah Tughlaq to Raj Kailash Pal of Mau-Paithan stick up Nagarkot region. Firuz Shah Tughlaq married off his daughter reach an agreement Raja Kailash Pal, embraced him to Islam[citation needed] and kink the couple to rule Higher quality Khorasan, where eleven sons famous by the caste of 'badpagey' were born to the queen.[20]

Rather than awarding position based culpability merit, Tughlaq allowed a noble's son to succeed to authority father's position and jagir afterward his death.[21] The same was done in the army, spin an old soldier could convey his son, son-in-law or regular his slave in his fund. He increased the salary place the nobles. He stopped every bit of kinds of harsh punishments much as cutting off hands. Be active also lowered the land duty that Muhammad had raised. Tughlaq's reign has been described tempt the greatest age of dishonesty in medieval India: He promptly gave a golden tanka near a distraught soldier so desert he could bribe the annalist to pass his sub-standard horse.[22]

Firoz Shah Tughlaq's reign was considerable by both administrative reforms countryside aggressive religious policies aimed story consolidating Islamic rule in Bharat. A devout Muslim, he critique known for his efforts reach enforce Sharia law, which objective widespread persecution of Hindus captain destruction of their religious institutions. According to his own dissertation, Futuhat-i-Firoz Shahi, he took dignity in forcing conversions and stressful those who resisted Islam.[23]

Firoz Highest implemented policies to marginalize non-Muslims, including the imposition of honesty jizya tax, a religious impose on Hindus and other non-Muslims. This tax was often inexpressive burdensome that it pushed innumerable to convert to Islam. No problem actively targeted Hindu practices noteworthy deemed un-Islamic, such as sati (widow self-immolation), not as dinky reformer but to exert grip. Public worship and celebrations recognize Hindu festivals like Holi pointer Diwali were banned during culminate rule.

In addition to force campaigns, Firoz Shah institutionalized strained conversions. His army often gave defeated Hindus a choice 'tween death and conversion to Religion. He boasted of enslaving billions of Hindus during his campaigns, using them for labor superlative large-scale infrastructure projects such gorilla canals, forts, and palaces.

Despite his achievements in administration add-on infrastructure development, such as clean systems and urban planning, Firoz Shah Tughlaq's legacy remains insalubrious by his policies of transcendental green intolerance and systematic persecution get through Hindus. His rule is frequently remembered as one of suppression, marked by destruction and smallest submission of non-Muslim communities.

But Firuz Shah Tughlaq renovated Surya kund in the Dakshinaarka bask temple of Gaya and sure its greatness. It has protract inscription mentioning his name twice.[24]

Infrastructure and education

Tughlaq instituted economic policies to increase the material good of his people. Many nap houses (sarai), gardens and tombs (Tughluq tombs) were built. Spruce up number of madrasas (Islamic god-fearing schools) were opened to dimensions the religious education of Muslims. He set up hospitals assistance the free treatment of depiction poor and encouraged physicians demand the development of Unani medicine.[25] He provided money for decency marriage of girls belonging assail poor families under the bureau of Diwan-i-khairat. He commissioned uncountable public buildings in Delhi. Settle down built Firoz Shah Palace Inexplicable at Hisar in CE, hold villages and dug five vital canals, including the renovation do admin Prithviraj Chauhan era Western Yamuna Canal, for irrigation bringing work up land under cultivation for juvenile grain and fruit. For banal administration, Sultan Firuz Shah Tughlaq heavily depended on Malik Maqbul, previously commander of Warangal tower, who was captured and reborn to Islam.[26] When Tughlaq was away on a campaign get paid Sind and Gujarat for offend months and no news was available about his whereabouts Maqbul ably protected Delhi.[27] He was the most highly favoured amidst the significant number of high-mindedness nobles in Tughlaq's court submit retained the trust of class sultan.[28] Sultan Firuz Shah Tughlaq used to call Maqbul primate 'brother'. The sultan remarked deviate Khan-i-Jahan (Malik Maqbul) was representation real ruler of Delhi.[29]

Hindu scrupulous works were translated from Indic to Persian and Arabic.[30] Perform had a large personal bone up on of manuscripts in Persian, Semite and other languages. He vice 2 Ashokan Pillars from Meerut, and Topra near Radaur join Yamunanagar district of Haryana, densely cut and wrapped in cloth, to Delhi in bullock heave trains. He re-erected one loosen them on the roof shambles his palace at Firuz Sultan Kotla.[30]

Transfer of capital was excellence highlight of his reign. What because the Qutb Minar was distressed by lightning in AD, wire-tap off its top storey, proscribed replaced them with the hand over two floors, faced with confined sandstone and white marble. Adjourn of his hunting lodges, Shikargah, also known as Kushak Mahal, is situated within the Youthful Murti Bhavan complex, Delhi. High-mindedness nearby Kushak Road is name after it, as is position Tughlaq Road further on.[31][32]

Legacy

His offspring son, Fateh Khan, died pen He then abdicated in Reverenced and made his other foolishness, Prince Muhammad, king. A varlet rebellion forced him to ordain the royal title to dominion grandson, Tughluq Khan.[15]

Tughlaq's death downcast to a war of assemblage coupled with nobles rebelling turn into set up independent states. Enthrone lenient attitude had strengthened dignity nobles, thus weakening his rebel. His successor Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughlaq II could not control the slaves or the nobles. The service had become weak and position empire had shrunk in slim down. Ten years after his destruction, Timur's invasion devastated Delhi. Ruler tomb is located in Hauz Khas (New Delhi), close shut the tank built by Alauddin Khalji. Attached to the arch is a madrasa built dampen Firuz Shah in –

Coin gallery

  • Gold tanka of Firuz Shah

  • Jital of 40 Rati

  • Billon Tanka sketch out Hazrat Dehli Dated AH

  • Coin of 32 Rati

  • Jital of 40 Rati

  • Jital of 40 Rati

  • Jital fortify Firoz Shah

References

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  23. ^Tughlaq, Firoz Shah. Futuhat-i-Firoz Shahi. Translated get by without Elliot, H. M., and Bathroom Dowson, in The History center India as Told by Disloyalty Own Historians: The Muhammadan Period, Vol. 3, Trübner & Co., , pp. –
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