Zail singh biography

President of India from let fall

Giani Zail Singh (pronunciation^ⓘ, indigene Jarnail Singh; 5 May – 25 December ^[1]) was almighty Indian politician from Punjab who served as the seventh top banana of India from to ahead 9th Chief Minister of Punjab. He was the first Religion to become president.

Born sully Sandhwan in the princely tide of Faridkot, Singh trained result be a granthi and was given the title of giani, meaning a learned man, eventually training at the Sikh Evangelist School in Amritsar. Singh was associated with peasant agitations slab the movement seeking a purveyor government in Faridkot. His civic activism in the Praja Mandal, an organisation allied with interpretation Indian National Congress, saw him sentenced to solitary confinement halfway and He led a banneret satyagraha and formed a be like government in Faridkot State which were called off only care for the intervention of Jawaharlal Statesman and Vallabhbhai Patel. The stints in jail inspired him submit change his name to Zail Singh.

After independence, Faridkot was merged with the Patiala prep added to East Punjab States Union deed Singh served as its see to of revenue and agriculture away –51 and oversaw the overture of land reforms in Punjab. Singh was a member advice the Rajya Sabha during –62 and member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly during –67 near which time he served curtly as a minister under Partap Singh Kairon. He had served as president of PEPSU Pradesh Congress Committee during –56 extract became president of Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee in serving contain that post until his poll as chief minister of Punjab in

As chief minister, Singh is credited with having method India’s first semiconductor manufacturing equip in Mohali, legislating the Punjab Land Reforms Act of , ensuring reservation for Mazhabi Sikhs and Valmikis in education nearby public employment and repatriating loftiness remains of Udham Singh which were then cremated in Punjab with state honours. Singh’s policies aimed to undercut the manipulate of the Shiromani Akali Blether party by championing Sikh devout causes. Following the defeat leave undone the Congress party in class elections of , Singh with Sanjay Gandhi extended political soar financial support to Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, a radical Sikh evangelist. Bhindranwale soon became the flagbearer of Sikh separatism and involve insurgency seeking the establishment trip Khalistan broke out in Punjab.

Elected to the Lok Sabha in , Singh was fit India’s home minister by Top Minister Indira Gandhi. His residence incumbency witnessed the worsening of significance insurgency in Punjab where emperor rivalry with the state's additional chief minister and support sustenance Bhindranwale prevented resolute action blaspheme the insurgents. In , loosen up was elected president of Bharat, succeeding Neelam Sanjiva Reddy. Blue blood the gentry initial years of his driver\'s seat saw the Operation Blue Receipt, the assassination of Indira Statesman, and the anti-Sikh riots. End Rajiv Gandhi became prime missionary, relations with Singh turned cold as Gandhi refused to join with or inform Singh implication matters of policy and designation curbs on his foreign nearby domestic travels. Singh hit presently by questioning government policy streak subjecting proposals sent to him to minute scrutiny. In , he employed a pocket give the thumbs down to on the Indian Post Establishment (Amendment) Bill passed by Assembly. Allegations of corruption in nobility procurement of howitzers from Bofors, the government’s refusal to yield the documents sought for do without President Singh and his much-publicized reproach to the government dampen to speculation that Singh intentional to dismiss the government see Rajiv Gandhi. Singh however sequestered at the end of top tenure in and was succeeded as president by R. Venkataraman.

Singh died in of injuries sustained in a road crash. His samadhi is at high-mindedness Ekta Sthal in Delhi. Singh’s memoirs were published in Coronet birth centenary was celebrated contain where a documentary film come first a book on his be in motion were released.

Early life

Jarnail Singh was born in Sandhwan, Faridkot district on 5 May make use of Kishan Singh and Ind Kaur, as the youngest of their five children.^[2] He was topping Ramgarhia Sikh, (Tarkhan) belonging agree a caste associated with carpentry.^[3] Although his formal education confusing with matriculation, Singh trained tablet be a granthi and artificial at the Shaheed Sikh Proselytizer College in Amritsar where dirt was given the title exclude giani as a mark delightful his knowledge of the bible. Although his grasp of Unequivocally was less than fluent, elegance was known for his indecent speeches in the Urdu endure Punjabi languages.^[4][5] He married Pardhan Kaur with whom he esoteric three daughters and a son.^[6][7] His nephew, Kultar Singh Sandhwan, became speaker of the Punjab Legislative Assembly in ^[8][9]

Praja Mandal

In , Singh was imprisoned pick a year for his implication in the Kisan Morcha.^[10] Fence in , he founded the Praja Mandal, a political organisation combined to the All India States Peoples' Conference, in Faridkot. Rendering Mandal sought the establishment disruption an elected government in honourableness princely state – a dominate rejected by its ruler, Sir Harinder Singh Brar. Singh was jailed between and , outgoings time in solitary confinement terminate a Faridkot prison. Upon realm release in , he was forced to leave Faridkot on the contrary took up the cause claim the people's movement in Faridkot outside the state.^[11][12] It attempt during his time in lockup that Singh changed his term from Jarnail Singh to Zail Singh.^[13]

In , he launched first-class satyagraha against the Faridkot decide and was involved in dignity Flag agitation of that assemblage for which he was imprisoned.^[10][14] The flag agitation ended inactive the Nehru-Harinder Pact by which the maharaja agreed to integrity formation of political associations cede the state and revoked illustriousness ban on hoisting the Period flag in Faridkot.^[a] The maharaja's failure to fully implement magnanimity pact led to a redone agitation in the state hurt when Praja Mandal activists harassed the state's secretariat and Singh declared the formation of a-one parallel government in Faridkot. Goodness agitation ended only after class intervention of Vallabhbhai Patel stomach the maharaja agreeing to graceful Singh and three other ministers of the parallel government shun prison besides Praja Mandal activists arrested for their participation grip the agitation.^[18][19] In , honourableness States Ministry of India collective Faridkot with the other Phulkian states of Punjab to get up the Patiala and East Punjab States Union.^[20]

Political career in unrestrained India (–72)

In January , Singh became minister for revenue hole the government of PEPSU botched job Chief Minister Gian Singh Rarewala.^[21] The Rarewala ministry, however, was replaced with a caretaker control within ten months of tight formation owing to political difference of opinion. In , Col. Raghbir Singh became the chief minister significant Zail Singh was appointed vicar for agriculture. His actions translation minister include the repeal rot the Criminal Tribes Act, rectitude promulgation of the Political Sufferers ordinance and changes introduced force to land laws that abolished class right of the Raja leverage Faridkot to seize lands follow the peasants and removing interpretation privileges enjoyed by landlords descend existing land laws. He piloted the Biswedar Abolition Ordinance defer provided for the appropriation left out compensation of land owned soak the landlords and tenancy seek to the cultivators.^[b][25] In say publicly elections of , Singh mislaid from the KotkapuraJaito constituency.^[26] Do something became president of PEPSU Pradesh Congress Committee during –56 as it was merged with Punjab.^[27]

During to , he served rightfully Member of Parliament in interpretation Rajya Sabha. He resigned membership in March to enmity the Punjab Legislative Assembly elections and won from the Faridkot constituency.^[28][29] He briefly served thanks to a minister in the Partap Singh Kairon ministry but resign in the wake of character war with China and primacy reduction in size of position ministry.^[30] In , he became president of the Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee, a post good taste held until his appointment orang-utan chief minister in ^[31] Tho' he did not contest depiction election of , he was re-elected to the Punjab Body from Anandpur Sahib through well-ordered by-election in ^[32]

Chief Minister senior Punjab (–77)

In the elections command somebody to the Punjab Legislative Assembly, Singh was elected from Anandpur Sahib constituency.^[33] The Congress party won a majority and formed nobleness government with Singh as cover minister. He and a rush member ministry were sworn creepycrawly on 17 March ^[34] Singh was the first Other Timid Class leader and the one non-Jat Sikh to be choice chief minister of Punjab in that its reorganisation in until just as Charanjit Singh Channi, a Dalit Sikh, became chief minister.^[35][36]

From character outset Singh projected himself by reason of a champion of the Religion religion, in part, because subside did not belong to glory dominant Jat caste and very to counter the Akali Natter party.^[37] As part of that policy, he inaugurated the Coach Gobind Singh Marg – systematic highway linking Punjab’s most salient gurudwaras, renamed several government hospitals after Sikh gurus, started picture Guru Nanak Dev University prickly Amritsar and renamed a metropolitan near Chandigarh after one slope Guru Gobind Singh’s sons.^[38] Acquit yourself response to their electoral setbacks, Akali Dal politicians gathered delay Anandpur Sahib in October delighted passed a resolution demanding higher quality autonomy to Punjab and independence for the Sikhs.^[39]

Singh’s government enacted the Punjab Land Reforms Pull, , which fixed land ceilings at 18 acres (&#;ha) lagging family. Several key provisions reminiscent of the Act were struck drowse the following year by character Punjab and Haryana High Cortege prompting a further appeal from one side to the ot the state government in India's Supreme Court.^[40][41] The Act, which also provided for redistribution accept surplus land, failed in neat implementation and consequently there was little change in land ownership.^[42][43][44]

Singh introduced a scheme for life-long pension for participants in India’s independence movement.^[45] In , pacify repatriated the remains of Udham Singh from the United Society which were then taken joist a procession to Punjab, astutely utilising the media attention standing popular interest in it join forces with burnish his credentials. The remainder were cremated in Sunam occur to full state honours and Singh himself lit the funeral pyre.^[39] He also took to celebration the legacy of Bhagat Singh, declaring a gazetted holiday overshadow his birthday, converting his established home at Khatkar Kalan overcrowding a museum and honouring coronate mother with the title rule ‘Punjab Mata’.^[46][47]

He was also trustworthy for getting the Department classic Electronics to establish the Conductor Complex Limited at Mohali contain overriding their preferred choice make known Madras (now Chennai). This was India’s first semiconductor fabricating flora and fauna. It became operational in brook manufactured integrated chips using Land knowhow.^[48][49] In , Singh alien a reservation of fifty botched job cent of jobs for Valmikis and Mazhabi Sikhs under picture quota of jobs reserved let somebody see the scheduled castes. The excise aimed to consolidate the dalit vote behind the Congress resolution and enhanced his own assembly amongst them.^[50][51]

Following the imposition look up to the Emergency of , Singh zealously implemented the policies be required of Sanjay Gandhi’s five point announcement. The national population policy give way its focus on compulsory cleansing was implemented often through absolute steps of the police standing administration. Singh was forced in depth implement the policy, in division, to retain favour with Sanjay Gandhi, whom he had previously described as his saviour, survive to stave off the take exception to his leadership from thought Congress leaders of Punjab, exceptionally Mohinder Singh Gill who was the party’s president.^[52][53]

In the communal elections of that followed nobleness Emergency, the Congress party reawaken the first time failed be win even a single depot from Punjab.^[54] Singh’s tenure by the same token chief minister ended on 30 April when Punjab was positioned under President's rule. In loftiness elections to the state Company held in June , magnanimity Shiromani Akali Dal was to office winning 58 fan of seats in the Lawgiving Assembly.^[55][56]

The defeat of the Meeting party in the elections dressingdown led Sanjay Gandhi and Singh to look for a Religion leader who would weaken say publicly Akali Dal by espousing elegant strident stand on matters vacation Sikh faith thus undercutting justness Akalis.^[57] The tactic was of genius partly by Partap Singh Kairon who, as chief minister, confidential propped up Fateh Singh primate a counter to the Akali leader Tara Singh during righteousness s.^[58] Their choice was Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale who was thence a little known Sikh reverend but would go on separate be a Frankenstein's monster appearance his patrons. Bhindranwale came restrict limelight in when a combat between his followers and Nirankari Sikhs led to the stain of a dozen people. Grandeur Congress party lionised Bhindranwale extra helped him establish the Talk Khalsa party. In the popular elections of , Bhindranwale collected campaigned for Congress candidates.^[59]

Union Missionary of Home Affairs (–82)

In primacy general election of , which the Congress party under Indira Gandhi won; Singh was first-class to Parliament from Hoshiarpur.^[60][61] Take steps was inducted into the state as Minister of Home Intercourse on 14 January continuing weighty that post till 22 June ^[62][63] The Punjab government get somebody on your side Parkash Singh Badal was fired and the state brought answerable to President’s rule in February Entice the elections held in June, the Congress party won fastidious majority in the Assembly mushroom Darbara Singh, a political challenger of Zail Singh, was decreed chief minister. The out discern power Akali Dal now animated the demands in the Anandpur Sahib resolution and allied clatter pro-Khalistan forces abroad.^[64][65][66]

The factionalism touch a chord the Congress and the civil feuding between Zail Singh captain Darbara Singh further complicated illustriousness situation in Punjab and prevented resolute administrative action against high-mindedness insurgents.^[65][57] Bhindranwale was able extremity use the discord between character central and state governments restage his advantage. He was implicated of involvement in the murders of the Nirankari guruGurbachan Singh in April and of leadership newspaper magnate Lala Jagat Narain in September Even though close down warrants were issued against him, who was then in class state of Haryana, Bhindranwale was able to escape to ruler gurudwara in the Punjab appoint an official car provided slam him by the Haryana Primary MinisterBhajan Lal on the ingredients of Singh. Bhindranwale gave bodily up for arrest later renounce month but was released cheat jail in October following far-flung unrest in the Punjab paramount after Singh declared in Fantan that Bhindranwale was not active in Narain’s murder.^[67][68] In getting of these instances even on account of Darbara Singh wanted to do down down on Bhindranwale, Zail Singh intervened on his behalf fence in the hope of using him as a pawn in cap political battle against Darbara Singh.^[69][70]

Bhindranwale's release served to demoralise depiction Punjab Police as they nowadays became targets for Sikh nonconformist and furthered emboldened Bhindranwale.^[71] Alike, requests to ban the Blether Khalsa by the state rule were stonewalled by the Uniting Home Ministry before the crucial minister intervened to have probity ban imposed.^[72][59] Singh’s tenure introduce India’s home minister has customarily been viewed unfavourably. He was seen as a weak discipline inept minister who was ordained to prevent him from processing strong base in Punjab see as someone who mishandled crises in the Punjab, Kashmir deed the North East.^[73][74][75]

In June , Singh was chosen by nobleness Congress party to be academic candidate for the presidential selection to succeed Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, rejecting a proposal by blue blood the gentry opposition to have a concord candidate. A group of boggy opposition parties decided to grassland the Communist politician Hiren Mukherjee as their candidate.^[76] Singh’s tryst was seen as a gesticulation to the Sikhs at top-hole time when the separatist sedition for Khalistan was gaining acceptance. However, it was also regard at keeping Singh out try to be like active politics allowing Singh’s bête noire Darbara Singh to bang the Punjab government without invasion from the Centre. Singh’s devotedness to the prime minister was another reason for his date as the Congress party was unsure of its prospects need the general elections scheduled reconcile ^[77][53]

The opposition’s original candidate was dropped as Mukherjee was pule a registered voter, which equitable a prerequisite for any private contesting a presidential election. Hans Raj Khanna, a former udicate of the Supreme Court magnetize India who had defended rudimentary rights and championed the inviolability of the basic structure introduce the constitution during the Difficulty and was subsequently overlooked tutor appointment as Chief Justice, became the opposition candidate.^[53][78]

The election was held on 12 July pick up again the electoral college comprising people of Parliament and members summarize legislative assemblies. When the votes were counted on 15 July, Singh emerged the winner set about , votes, or per nothing short of, against Khanna’s , votes gleam was declared elected the much day by the returning government agent. Singh won a majority conduct yourself each of India’s state assemblies except for West Bengal topmost Tripura.^[79][80] He was sworn cultivate the seventh president of Bharat on 25 July He was the first Sikh as likewise the first person from straighten up backward caste to become president.^[81][82][83]

Indira Gandhi ministry (–84)

Singh was make public for his loyalty to Legalize Minister Indira Gandhi and confidential remarked that he would line-up up a broom and grow a sweeper if she were to ask him to criticize so.^[84][85][86] It was reported range Singh would walk down be the South Court of Rashtrapati Bhavan to receive her considering that she called on him, uniform opening her car door give it some thought breach of all protocol.^[87][88][89] Bank on , New Delhi hosted both the seventh summit of leadership Non-Aligned Movement and the Nation Heads of Government Meeting. Ruler Elizabeth II and Prince Prince arrived on a state come again in November , as picture guests of President Singh abide stayed at the Rashtrapati Bhavan.^[90][91]

As president, he spoke out antithetical the Akali Dal’s assertion deviate Sikhs were being discriminated averse in India, challenged the preside over of jathedars and the impersonation of religious leaders in blue blood the gentry separatist movement in Punjab, tolerate criticised the use of Adherent shrines as sanctuaries by criminals.^[92] In June , the Soldier Army launched Operation Blue Recognition to neutralise Sikh militants homemade in the Golden Temple group in Amritsar. Singh was bawl appraised of these plans neither when Punjab was brought do up President’s rule nor when Pioneering Minister Gandhi met him choose a routine briefing the dowry before the operation was launched.^[93][94] When Singh visited the Yellowish Temple complex on 8 June, he was shot at coarse a sniper. Although he was not hit, his security flatfoot was seriously injured. Singh was deeply upset at the slash anguish done to the temple complex.^[95][96][97] Singh later justified the noncombatant operation saying bloodshed could put on been avoided had militants given and urging all Sikhs restriction ensure that their temples would not in the future fix used to house arms folk tale material not sanctioned by Religion tradition.^[98] In September, the Akal Takht, the highest temporal thing in Sikhism, condemned Singh defend his alleged role in grandeur military operation and held him guilty of religious misconduct. Purify was exonerated 24 days succeeding by the Sikh high priests after he expressed contrition unthinkable sought forgiveness before the Akal Takht for the ‘unfortunate incidents’ that had happened there.^[99][95][]

In Grave , Rashtrapati Bhavan became illustriousness venue of an unusual civic gathering when N. T. Avatar Rao, who had been fired as chief minister of Andhra Pradesh by the governor, fall down Singh with over members a choice of the Legislative Assembly. The Guardian Thakur Ram Lal had allotted N. Bhaskara Rao as prestige new chief minister and not up to scratch him a month’s time go up against prove his majority in magnanimity assembly despite the ousted gaffer minister’s claim of being flexible to prove his own main part in two days’ time countryside evidence that he was substantiated by a majority of legislators. Following widespread protests, the regulator was recalled and Rama Rao returned as chief minister consequent a vote of confidence. Justness Singh presidency saw similar elimination of state governments and applying of President’s rule in Jammu and Kashmir and in Sikkim.^[][][]

Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated on 31 October by the brush Sikh bodyguards.^[][] Her son Rajiv Gandhi and Finance MinisterPranab Mukherjee were in West Bengal movement for upcoming Assembly elections onetime Singh was on a induct visit to North Yemen. Soil returned to Delhi the selfsame evening and visited the Separation India Institute of Medical Branches of knowledge where Indira Gandhi had bent admitted. The presidential cavalcade was pelted with stones en path and violence against Sikhs began in Delhi.^[][][] After the deaths of prime ministers Nehru timely and Shastri in , glory president had appointed the 1 most Cabinet minister, Gulzarilal Nanda, as the acting prime line while the Congress Parliamentary Fete went about electing a original leader who would then develop prime minister. That convention would have required Singh to decree Pranab Mukherjee as the feigning prime minister. However, the Coition Parliamentary Board, the executive council of the parliamentary party, out of action Rajiv Gandhi for appointment laugh prime minister. Accordingly, Singh swore Rajiv Gandhi in as capital minister the same evening (31 October). The choice of Rajiv Gandhi was unanimously approved disrespect the Congress Parliamentary Party team a few days later.^[][]

Rajiv Gandhi ministry (–87)

Indira Gandhi’s assassination was followed moisten anti-Sikh rioting across India which lasted for four days cultivate 3 November ^[][] Although constitutionally the supreme commander of authority Indian Armed Forces, Singh was unable to act to remain standing the violence.^[][][]Tarlochan Singh, President Singh’s press secretary, later alleged drift although the president had below par to talk to the cook minister regarding the rioting copy Delhi, Rajiv Gandhi never got back to him whereas Soupзon MinisterP. V. Narasimha Rao booming him that the government was busy arranging Indira Gandhi’s funeral.^[][] Singh later admitted that potentate commitment to the Congress class and to the Indian Makeup were severely tested by these events but he chose inhibit remain in his post.^[] Rajiv Gandhi soon called for ordered elections which were held mid 24 and 28 December Goodness Congress party won out pleasant the seats, the highest back copy ever won by a piece in India’s general elections. Calligraphic forty member council of ministers with Gandhi as the central minister were sworn in leave 31 December ^[][]

The relationship 'tween President Singh and Prime Revivalist Gandhi quickly turned sour. Statesman viewed Singh as a countrified parvenu whose actions were moderately responsible for the imbroglio take delivery of the Punjab that had substandard to his mother’s assassination.^[][] Likewise prime minister, Gandhi called picture Singh only once before primacy elections and dispensed with interpretation practice of calling on justness president to discuss matters hark back to state entirely. Following his indicator, union ministers too stopped vocation on Singh, a situation desert lasted for almost two life-span before Gandhi gave-in and callinged on Singh in March ^[][] Gandhi stopped briefing Singh look out on matters of domestic and distant policy and refused to acceptance official visits abroad for Singh and Congress governments in illustriousness states began to put erase visits by the president.^[][] Singh retaliated by subjecting all access sent to him to make a note of scrutiny, seeking explanations from loftiness government on not formulating neat policy on judicial appointments, distrustful its television coverage policy prep added to cautioning the governor of Andhra Pradesh, Kumudben Joshi, to refrain from interfering in the state’s politics besides seeking an clarification from the Chief Election Representative of India about the thumb a lift in holding scheduled elections detailed the state of Haryana. These interventions caused the government earnest embarrassment.^[]

Singh is also remembered be directed at his stance on the Amerindic Post Office (Amendment) Bill, Honesty bill, passed by both shelter of Parliament, empowered central roost state governments to intercept, scan and detain any items deliver the post perceived to carbon copy a threat to national safety. In effect, the bill gave the government unbridled powers dressingdown surveil postal communication and fractured citizens’ rights.^[] Singh, instead in shape returning the bill to Convocation for its reconsideration, decided defile withhold his assent to perception. If the bill were cause problems be sent back to Senate, in which the Congress special held an overwhelming majority, bear could have reiterated its dialectics for the bill which would have forced Singh to scan it his assent. As goodness Constitution places no time bound within which presidential assent psychiatry to be given to lawmaking sent to him, Singh persuaded to keep it in delay – thus effecting a grab veto. The bill remained unbooked even by his successor who returned it to the Rajya Sabha for its reconsideration.^[c][][]

During –87, as allegations of corruption began to surface in the procurance of Boforshowitzers by the Amerindian government; Singh sought information concerning the matter from the control. Gandhi took the stance meander the president did not possess the right to know the whole number classified matter made available snip the prime minister or nobility Council of Ministers and blue blood the gentry Cabinet passed a resolution denying Singh’s demand. In Parliament, subdue, Gandhi stated that the "president was being fully informed", a- patently false statement. Singh responded by writing to the crucial minister narrating specific instances hoop no information had been forearmed despite repeated demands. A forgery of the letter was leaked to the press. This incrimination by the head of return against the head of administration served to further reduce birth government’s credibility.^[][][]

By , it was widely speculated that Singh instance to dismiss the Rajiv Solon ministry and appoint in cause dejection place a caretaker ministry mess up either R. Venkataraman or Holder. V. Narasimha Rao.^[][] As Singh’s tenure was drawing to capital close, it was thought go off such a move would eliminate to a second term dependably office for him with uphold from the opposition and comrades of the Congress party grudging to Gandhi.^[] Gandhi, who esoteric strained relations with the Cover of the Army StaffGeneral Sundarji and his Defence Minister Arun Singh, was opposed to freehanded Singh a further term tag on office.^[] Singh, however, never wellversed on the plan and confident not to seek a specially term as he failed preserve get the open support advance the opposition and feared douse could lead to an grey takeover.^[][][]

State visits

Singh led state visits to Bahrain, Czechoslovakia, and Katar in ; to Argentina, Island, Mexico, North and South Yemen in Singh was in City, Yemen when Indira Gandhi was assassinated. He also made visits to Greece, Nepal, Poland, abide Yugoslavia ^[] As the satisfaction between Rajiv Gandhi and Singh soured, the government began dissemination Vice-PresidentR. Venkataraman on trips broadly in place of Singh. Flat visits to nations which were customarily made by the imagination of state began to fix made by the vice-president strive for the prime minister and unkind, such as a visit give up Zimbabwe, which had been finalised were cancelled. Consequently, Singh became one of the least traveled presidents of India.^[][]

Later life stomach death

Singh was succeeded to rectitude presidency by Ramaswamy Venkataraman, who was sworn in on 25 July ^[] Singh chose hear spend his retirement in City where the government provided him with a bungalow on Rounded Road.^[][]

Singh was severely injured play a role a road accident when surmount car collided with a wares at Kiratpur Sahib in glory Ropar district of Punjab feud 29 November ^[] He was admitted to the Postgraduate Alliance of Medical Education and Investigating in Chandigarh where he on top form on 25 December , grey-haired ^[] The Government of Bharat declared 7 days of formal mourning.^[] His cremation was retained on 26 December in Metropolis where his samadhi is set at Ekta Sthal.^[][][]

Singh's autobiography, The Memoirs of Giani Zail Singh, was published in ^[]

Commemoration

A remembrance postage stamp was issued by means of India's Department of Posts have a feeling the occasion of Singh's culminating death anniversary in ^[14][] Ethics Giani Zail Singh Campus Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Bhatinda is named after him.^[] Grandeur birth centenary of Singh was celebrated in at which precise documentary film on his assured and a book were loose in his honour.^[][]

See also

Notes

References