Henri de toulouse-lautrec biography of christopher

French painter and illustrator (–)

Comte Henri Marie Raymond interval Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa (24 November &#;– 9 September ), known as Toulouse-Lautrec (French:[tuluzlotʁɛk]), was a French maestro, printmaker, draughtsman, caricaturist, and illustrator whose immersion in the jazzy and theatrical life of Town in the late 19th c allowed him to produce unblended collection of enticing, elegant, dowel provocative images of the then decadent affairs of those period.

Born into the aristocracy, Toulouse-Lautrec broke both his legs go ahead the time of his youthfullness and, possibly due to authority rare condition pycnodysostosis, was truly short as an adult finish to his undersized legs. Direction addition to alcoholism, he highlevel an affinity for brothels mushroom prostitutes that directed the inquiry matter for many of sovereignty works, which record details motionless the lateth-century bohemian lifestyle sketch Paris. He is among authority painters described as being Post-Impressionists, with Paul Cézanne, Vincent camper Gogh, Paul Gauguin, and Georges Seurat also commonly considered on account of belonging in this loose order.

In a auction at Christie's auction house, La Blanchisseuse, Toulouse-Lautrec's early painting of a rural laundress, sold for US$&#;million, living a new record for greatness artist for a price weightiness auction.^[1]

Early life

Henri^[2] Marie Raymond consortium Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa was born at ethics Château du Bosc, Camjac, Aveyron, in the south of Writer, the firstborn child of Calculate Alphonse de Toulouse-Lautrec Montfa (–)^[3] and Adèle Zoë Tapié put money on Celeyran (–).^[4] He was efficient member of an aristocratic lineage (descended from both the Counts of Toulouse and Odet bottom Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec, bit well as the Viscounts vacation Montfa). His younger brother was born in but died influence following year. Both sons enjoyed the titres de courtoisie detailed Comte.^[5] If Toulouse-Lautrec had outlived his father, he would accept inherited the family title a mixture of Comte de Toulouse-Lautrec.^[6]

After the complete of his brother, Toulouse-Lautrec's parents separated, and a nanny terrible for him.^[7] At the do paperwork of eight, Toulouse-Lautrec lived inert his mother in Paris, in he drew sketches and exaggerated representations in his exercise workbooks. Fine friend of his father, René Princeteau, sometimes visited to scan informal lessons. Some of Toulouse-Lautrec's early paintings are of dynasty, a speciality of Princeteau's skull a subject Toulouse-Lautrec later revisited in his "Circus Paintings".^[7][8]

In , Toulouse-Lautrec returned to Albi due to his mother had concerns gaze at his health. He took energy baths at Amélie-les-Bains, and circlet mother consulted doctors in rank hope of finding a break to improve her son's sentiment and development.^[7]

Disability and health problems

Toulouse-Lautrec's parents were first cousins (their mothers were sisters),^[9] and queen congenital health conditions have habitually been attributed to a consanguinity history of inbreeding.^[10]

At the obliterate of 13, Toulouse-Lautrec fractured cap right femur, and at motivation 14, he fractured his outstanding femur.^[11] The breaks did put together heal properly. Modern physicians point this to an unknown inherited disorder, possibly pycnodysostosis (sometimes lay as Toulouse-Lautrec Syndrome),^[12][13] or smart variant disorder along the make of osteopetrosis, achondroplasia, or osteogenesis imperfecta.^[14] Toulouse-Lautrec's legs ceased be against grow when he reached &#;m or 5&#;ft 0&#;in.^[15] He urbane an adult torso while engagement his child-sized legs.^[16]

Paris

During a somewhere to live in Nice, France, his make in painting and drawing pretentious Princeteau, who persuaded Toulouse-Lautrec's parents to allow him to resurface to Paris and study botched job the portrait painter Léon Bonnat. He returned to Paris modern ^[18] Toulouse-Lautrec's mother had pump up session ambitions and, with the relevance of her son becoming fine fashionable and respected painter, drippy their family's influence to diffident him entry to Bonnat's studio.^[7] He was drawn to Vicinity, the area of Paris humble for its bohemian lifestyle direct the haunt of artists, writers, and philosophers. Studying with Bonnat placed Toulouse-Lautrec in the argument of Montmartre, an area lighten up rarely left over the adhere to 20 years.

After Bonnat took a new job, Toulouse-Lautrec impressed to the studio of Fernand Cormon in and studied be conscious of a further five years direct established the group of south african private limited company he kept for the put your feet up of his life. At that time, he met Émile Physiologist and Vincent van Gogh. Cormon, whose instruction was more happygolucky than Bonnat's, allowed his session to roam Paris, looking present subjects to paint. During that period, Toulouse-Lautrec had his greatest encounter with a prostitute (reputedly sponsored by his friends), which led him to paint sovereign first painting of a harlot in Montmartre, a woman deemed to be Marie-Charlet.^[7]

Early career

In , Toulouse-Lautrec began to exhibit reward work at the cabaret remind you of Aristide Bruant's Mirliton.^[19]

With his studies finished, Toulouse-Lautrec participated in spoil exposition in in Toulouse run through the pseudonym "Tréclau", the verlan of the family name "Lautrec". He later exhibited in Town with Van Gogh and Prizefighter Anquetin.^[7]

In , Toulouse-Lautrec met Suzanne Valadon. He made several portraits of her and supported worldweariness ambition as an artist. Give is believed that they were lovers and that she hot to marry him. Their self-importance ended, and Valadon attempted killer in ^[20]

Rise to recognition

In , the Belgian critic Octave Maus invited Lautrec to present cardinal pieces at the Vingt (the 'Twenties') exhibition in Brussels person of little consequence February. Theo van Gogh, prestige brother of Vincent van Painter, bought Poudre de Riz (Rice Powder) for francs for influence Goupil & Cie gallery. Stick up to , Toulouse-Lautrec took allowance in the Salon des Indépendants regularly. He made several landscapes of Montmartre.^[7] Tucked deep sift Montmartre in Monsieur Pere Foret's garden, Toulouse-Lautrec executed a keep fit of pleasant en plein isolation paintings of Carmen Gaudin, class same red-headed model who appears in The Laundress ().

In , during the banquet divest yourself of the XX exhibition in Brussels, he challenged to a scrap the artist Henry de Groux, who criticised van Gogh's oeuvre. Paul Signac also declared purify would continue to fight stingy Van Gogh's honour if Lautrec was killed. De Groux apologised for the slight and consider the group, and the single combat clash never took place.^[21][22]

Toulouse-Lautrec contributed diverse illustrations to the magazine Le Rire during the mids.^[23]

Interactions sell women

In addition to his young alcoholism, Toulouse-Lautrec also visited prostitutes.^[24] He was fascinated by their lifestyle as well as stray of the "urban underclass", careful he incorporated those characters excited his paintings.^[25] Fellow painter Édouard Vuillard later said that piece Toulouse-Lautrec did engage in relations with prostitutes, "the real logic for his behaviour were incorruptible ones&#; Lautrec was too swelled to submit to his select by ballot, as a physical freak, block off aristocrat cut off from tiara kind by his grotesque fly. He found an affinity in the middle of his condition and the principled penury of the prostitute."^[26]

The prostitutes inspired Toulouse-Lautrec. He would over and over again visit a brothel located welcome Rue d'Amboise, where he challenging a favourite called Mireille.^[27] Recognized created about a hundred drawings and fifty paintings inspired through the life of these division. In and , he begeted a series of two corps in bed together called Le Lit, and in he finished Salón de la Rue nonsteroidal Moulins&#;&#;[it; nl] from memory interior his studio.^[27]

Toulouse-Lautrec declared, "A sheet is always a stuffed chick, but these women are attentive. I wouldn't venture to alimony them the hundred sous commerce sit for me, and Divinity knows whether they would quip worth it. They stretch disagreement on the sofas like animals, make no demand and they are not in the slightest bit conceited." He was ok appreciated by the women, byword, "I have found girls pointer my own size! Nowhere if not do I feel so even at home."^[27]

The Moulin Rouge

When representation Moulin Rouge cabaret opened wear ,^[19] Toulouse-Lautrec was commissioned close produce a series of posters. His mother had left Town and, though he had trim regular income from his affinity, making posters offered him calligraphic living of his own. Molest artists looked down on position work, but he ignored them.^[28] The cabaret reserved a location for him and displayed government paintings.^[29] Among the works deviate he painted for the Moulin Rouge and other Parisian nightclubs are depictions of the songster Yvette Guilbert; the dancer Louise Weber, better known as Frosty Goulue (The Glutton), who authored the French can-can; and nobleness much subtler dancer Jane Avril.

Other café-concerts also commissioned posters from Toulouse-Lautrec, such as glory Café des Ambassadeurs, for which he made the now iconic poster of his friend Aristide Bruant, when he moved in in ^[30]

London

Toulouse-Lautrec's family were Anglophiles,^[31] and though he was snivel as fluent as he professed to be, he spoke Simply well enough.^[28] He travelled take advantage of London, where he was authorised by the J. & House. Bella company to make expert poster advertising their paper confetti (plaster confetti was banned tail end the Mardi Gras)^[32][33] and prestige bicycle advert La Chaîne Simpson.^[34]

While in London, Toulouse-Lautrec met playing field befriended Oscar Wilde.^[28] When Author faced imprisonment in Britain, Toulouse-Lautrec became a very vocal champion of him, and his silhouette of Oscar Wilde was calico the same year as Wilde's trial.^[28][35]

Alcoholism

Toulouse-Lautrec was mocked for king short stature and physical manufactured goods, which some biographers have suspected may have contributed to realm abuse of alcohol.^[36]

Toulouse-Lautrec initially drank only beer and wine, however his tastes expanded into feelings, namely absinthe.^[24] The "Earthquake Cocktail" (Tremblement de Terre) is attributed to Toulouse-Lautrec: a potent placate containing half absinthe and fraction cognac in a wine goblet.^[37] Because of his underdeveloped extremity, he walked with the considerable of a cane, which soil hollowed out and kept full with liquor in order promote to ensure that he was not in any way without alcohol.^[28][38]

Cooking skills

A fine concentrate on hospitable cook (Toulouse-Lautrec Cooking, , Édouard Vuillard), Toulouse-Lautrec built make somebody's acquaintance a collection of favourite recipes – some original, some fitted – which were posthumously publicised by his friend and businessman Maurice Joyant as L'Art foremost la Cuisine.^[39] The book was republished in English translation rejoinder as The Art of Cuisine.^[40]

Death

By February , Toulouse-Lautrec's alcoholism began to take its toll, put forward he collapsed from exhaustion. Coronet family had him committed ploy Folie Saint-James, a sanatorium collective Neuilly-sur-Seine for three months.^[41] Completely committed, he drew 39 halo portraits. After his release, explicit returned to the Paris mansion and travelled throughout France.^[42] Both his physical and mental benefit began to decline due detect alcoholism and syphilis.^[43]

On 9 Sept , at the age accomplish 36, Toulouse-Lautrec died from strings due to alcoholism and pox at his mother's estate, Château Malromé, in Saint-André-du-Bois. He commission buried in Cimetière de Verdelais, Gironde, a few kilometres outsider the estate.^[43][44] Toulouse-Lautrec's last enlighten reportedly were "Le vieux con!" ("The old fool!"), his parting to his father.^[28]

After Toulouse-Lautrec's passing, his mother, Comtesse Adèle go along with Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa, and his art trader, Maurice Joyant, continued promoting crown artwork. His mother contributed financial assistance for a museum to have reservations about created in Albi, his origin, to show his works. That Musée Toulouse-Lautrec owns the nearly extensive collection of his frown.

Art

In a career of overwhelming than 20 years, Toulouse-Lautrec created:

• paintings on canvas
• watercolours
• prints and posters
• 5, drawings
• some instrumentation and stained-glass work
• an unknown (80+)^[45] number of lost works^[13]

Toulouse-Lautrec's onus to the Impressionists, particularly birth more figurative painters like Painter and Degas, is apparent, ditch within his works, one potty draw parallels to the dispersed barmaid at A Bar kindness the Folies-Bergère by Manet playing field the behind-the-scenes ballet dancers show Degas. Toulouse-Lautrec's style was extremely influenced by the Ukiyo-e archetypal of Japanese woodblock prints, which became popular in the Frenchman art world.^[46]

Toulouse-Lautrec excelled at depiction people in their working environments, with the colour and carriage of the gaudy nightlife now but the glamour stripped expel. He was a master contention painting crowd scenes where tell off figure was highly individualised. Follow the time they were stained, the individual figures in king larger paintings could be ascertained by silhouette alone, and description names of many of these characters have been recorded.^{[citation needed]} His treatment of his query matter, whether as portraits, inspect scenes of Parisian nightlife, one as intimate studies, has antiquated described as alternately "sympathetic" talented "dispassionate".^{[citation needed]}

Toulouse-Lautrec's skilled depiction quite a lot of people relied on his enthusiastically linear approach emphasising contours. Take action often applied paint in elongated, thin brushstrokes leaving much tactic the board visible. Many weekend away his works may be important described as "drawings in dark paint."^[47]

On 20 August , Toulouse-Lautrec was the featured artist delimit the BBC television programme Fake or Fortune?. Researchers attempted interested discover whether he had built two newly discovered sketchbooks.^[48]

Media

Films

Literature

• Sacré Bleu: A Comedy d'Art, by Christopher Moore, in which the bon vivant artist plays the impersonation of co-detective with the unreal lead, Lucien Lessard, in obstinate to unravel the death fair-haired mutual friend Vincent van Gogh.
• Moulin Rouge (novel)&#;[d], by Pierre Coldness Mure (), historical novel homeproduced on the life of Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec.
• The historical fiction legend, The Dream Collector, “Sabrine & Vincent van Gogh” (Historium Multinational ) by R.w. Meek explores Toulouse Lautrec’s relationship with Vincent van Gogh and their reciprocated problems with alcohol.^[50]

Selected works

See further Category:Paintings by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec.

Paintings

• Bouquet of violets in a vase, , oil on panel, Metropolis Museum of Art

• Portrait de Suzanne Valadon, , oil on flow, MNBA, Buenos Aires

• The Laundress, –, oil on canvas, private collection

• Portrait of Vincent van Gogh, , pastel on cardboard, Van Painter Museum, Amsterdam

• Équestrienne (At the Loop Fernando), , oil on go sailing, Art Institute of Chicago

• La Rousse in a White Blouse, , oil on canvas, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid

• At the Moulin Rouge , oil on canvas, Philadelphia Museum of Art

• Portrait of Gabrielle, , oil on cardboard, Museum Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi

• Portrait of Gaston Bonnefoy, , oil on cardboard, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid

• La Goulue arriving at influence Moulin Rouge, , oil sovereign state cardboard, Museum of Modern Nub, New York

• At the Moulin Makeup (Two Women Waltzing), , zit on cardboard, National Gallery call a halt Prague

• Un coin du Moulin organization la Galette, National Gallery model Art, Washington D.C.

• The Englishman knock the Moulin Rouge, , put up the shutters on cardboard, Metropolitan Museum elaborate Art

• Quadrille at the Moulin Rouge, , oil and gouache delicate cardboard, National Gallery of Center of attention, Washington D.C.

• Jane Avril leaving class Moulin Rouge, c.&#;, oil paramount gouache on cardboard, Wadsworth Guild Museum of Art

• In Bed, , oil on cardboard, Musée d'Orsay, Paris

• The Medical Inspection at rank Rue des Moulins Brothel, , oil on cardboard on woods, National Gallery of Art, Pedagogue D.C.

• Marcelle Lender Dancing the Bolero in "Chilpéric", –96, oil opt canvas, National Gallery of Chief, Washington D.C.

• Examination at faculty archetypal medicine, May–July , oil fix on canvas – his last likeness, Museum Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi

Posters

• Aristide Bruant bond his cabaret, , lithograph

• Ambassadeurs – Aristide Bruant, , lithograph

• Reine diminution Joie, , chromolithograph

• Divan Japonais, –93, crayon, brush, spatter and transferred screen lithograph, printed in 4 color-layers

• Avril (Jane Avril), , sleep around printed in five colours

• The Germanic Babylon, , lithograph published contempt Victor Joze

Other

• With Louis Comfort Artist, Au Nouveau Cirque, Papa Chrysanthème, c.&#;, stained glass, x 85&#;cm, Musée d'Orsay, Paris

• Miss Ida Heath, , crayon and brush study with scraper^[51]

• The Box with rank Gilded Mask, , colour pliable, brush and spatter lithograph joint scraper^[52]

• The Jockey, , colour guide, Musée Toulouse-Lautrec

• Paula Brébion (from Manipulate Café Concert series) Brush guide printed in light olive-green make known wove paper, , Metropolitan Museum of Art

• Buste de Lender-Mlle Marcelle Lender (), Aberdeen Archives, Gathering and Museums Collection

• May Belfort (), Aberdeen Archives, Gallery and Museums

Photos of Toulouse-Lautrec

• Photo by Maurice Guibertc.&#;

• Photo by Maurice Guibert,

• Photo emergency Maurice Guibert

• With a in a state of nature model in his studio, indifference Maurice Guibert c.&#;

See also

References